Pdf application of blast damage when modelling open pit. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. It can cause instability of mine walls, falling down of machinery, improper fragmentation, reduced efficiency of drilling, etc. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati diamond. Jun 12, 2012 backbreak is an undesirable phenomenon in blasting operations. Open cast mineral resources are quoted as insitu tonnages and mineral reserves are tonnages falling within an economic pitshell. Dangers of toxic fumes from blasting centers for disease. Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock. Open pit metals integrated planning tools for open pit. Blasting principles for open pit mining download ebook. Surface blasters, however, must be aware that toxic fumes have the potential to create hazards in their operations. Shock and vibration publishing open access research. Segui julius kruttschnitt mineral research centre, australia.
Fumes from blasting operations the institute of makers of. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Blasting principles for open pit mining by william hustrulid blasting. Building the appropriate policy means it needs to be process driven, not people driven.
Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open pit mines m. Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on. Presplit blasting used in surface coal mines is different from that of other open pit mines. Open pit is currently subject to intense forward planning. Pit files contain the partition information table pit for the phone. The first volume introduces basic engineering concepts and the building blocks that make up a blast design. This process involves drilling, blasting, and excavating the material for the design bench height. The evaluation method is generally ordinary kriging with mining block sizes ranging from 10 x 10m to 100 x 100m to 250 x 250m in the plan view.
Blasting australia dilution, ore grade and blast movement calculation model. Electronically transfer data, respond to changes in realtime, and generate reconciliation reports. Fumes from blasting operations from slp17 co blasting operations produce toxic and nontoxic gases as a normal byproduct regardless of the types of explosive materials used. Informational bulletin an unexplained explosion occurred on a shotfirers light vehicle that was carrying boosters and detonators. Bench blasting is a common blast technique most often used for open pit mines. A case study is presented where a controlled blasting programme presplitting was adopted in an open pit copper mine in order to improve the stability of the resulting cut slopes. Do removes the manual and subjective grade control processes employed by the majority of open pit operations, and replaces them with an automated. The best presplit results will be achieved from the surface coal mines with horizontal coal seams or having remarkable weakness plane in the contact position of coal and rock, as long as explosive charge is concentrated at the bottom of hole 24. The use of presplitting allowed considerably higher benches to be adopted with much steeper overall slope angles.
Drilling, blasting, open pit, fragmentation, kuzram model, modified kuz. Blasting is a hazardous component of surface mining. In normal blasting all holes do not blast at the same time. The use of presplitting allowed considerably higher benches to be adopted. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit mines m. Kemeny university of arizona, tucson, arizona, usa j.
To receive documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics. Feasibility of using controlled blasting techniques to. It presents a practical approach to the design and assessment of blasts, and demonstrates how blasting operations can be engineered not only to solve classic blasting problems, but also to optimise blasting performance to meet the needs of. Effective slope design relies on the estimation of rock mass strength. This video showcases a compilation of blast videos taken at a variety of openpit mining sites in canada.
Sean dessureault surface and underground excavations methods,techniques and equipments. Opdb design of optimum dig lines for open pit grade control deswik. Pdf this chapter will describe drilling plan, blast plan, fragmentation, open pit slope, and safety related to open pit mining. If approved, the golden pike cutback will extend the life of the fimiston open pit by approximately five years. Presplit blasting used in surface coal mines is different from that of other openpit mines.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cast primers for blasting caps and detonating cord. According to him, the principal techniques to improve blasting e ciency are. Drill and blast coordinator open pit and underground location. Glossary of blasting terms page reference document on blasting terms and their definitions. Open pit mining is used to extract ore in rock bodies that are at or close to the surface of the earth. The aim was to reduce over break and minimize damage to the final pit walls from production blasts. The operation comprises an openpit mine feeding ore to a process plant with recovery of copper and precious metals into a saleable concentrate using conventional flotation technology the concentrate contains between 23 and 25 per cent copper, up to 9 gram per tonne gt of gold and up to 60gt silver. In open pit blasting operations, wind rapidly dilutes the vented gases during the fragmentation process and continues to dilute the gases slowly emanating from the muck pile. Volume 1 deals with the fundamental concepts involved in the planning and design of open pdf pit mines. A lot of methods are adopted to exploit the valuable economic mineral resources through open cast mining or underground mining methods. Poorly controlled groundwater will have negative impacts on the safety, efficiency and economics of mining operations. The super pit open cut gold mine kalgoorlie western australia.
The hoekbrown strength criteria is a widely adopted approach. Prediction of backbreak in openpit blasting operations. A second bench is then excavated without the creation of a catch bench, i. This is to determine how the area can be mined in a cost effective manner and ensuring that any potential blasting impacts on the nearby community are minimised. Open pit mine blasting when it comes to openpit mining the most visually appealing aspect is the blast. In order to opti mize the drilling operation, the time taken by two drilling machines to accomplish the same task was analyzed statistically. The existence of various effective parameters and their unknown relationships are the main reasons for inaccuracy of the empirical models. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati diamond minetm site. Open pit grade control generally entails the sampling and assaying of reverse circulation or blast hole cuttings followed by the estimation of ore control model ocm block grades. This book addresses the challenge of optimising the design of blasts for open pit mines and quarries. Reviews of the blasting principles for open pit mining. The estimated ocm block grades are then used in turn to design surface polygons or dig lines that. Identify trends and improve blasting performance over time.
Ground vibration is one of the undesirable effects caused by blasting operations in openpit mines that greatly affect people, buildings, and surrounding environment. Open pit mining is used to extract ore in rock bodies that are at or close to the. Anatomy of an openpit mine blast posted by stop ajax mine on february 23rd, 2015 4. Controlled blasting in an openpit mine for improved slope. Openpit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface. A large scale open pit mine was startedup, by the national iranian copper industries co. Controlling fume movement following the blast is not possible and the pit will remain closed until the all clear is established. Its loud, intense, and who doesnt like a good explosion once in a while. Examples of mine dewatering techniques at an open pit mine open pit dewatering techniques.
Backbreak is an undesirable phenomenon in blasting operations. A large number of examples illustrate the application of the principles. When an explosive charge is detonated, chemical reaction occur which, very rapidly. Technology data sheet mine dewatering groundwater is a common problem when mining, and developing a mine below groundwater level presents many challenges. Improving double bench face performance at the ekati.
Large surface mines may detonate up to two million pounds of blasting agent in a single shot. The influence of slope design has an overriding effect on the economics of an open pit mine. Modern openpit blasting practice transportation research board. H blasting in surface excavation mining and blasting. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in open. Afum, b o and t emeng, v a 2014, r educing drill and blast cost through blast optimisation a case study, 3 rd umat biennial internat ional mining and mineral conference, pp 7145. Optimization of open pit outline from left to right can be preformed using the expression 7 where plr i,j,k is the value of open pit, obtained by. When they move in, the ore is dug up and sent to a mill for. Initiation timing influence on ground vibration and airblast, by john w. Blast optimisation of hard ores in the phu kham openpit. Reducing drill and blast cost through blast optimisation a. Open cast mineral resources are quoted as insitu tonnages and mineral reserves are tonnages falling within an economic pit shell. Blasting principles for open pit mining, set of 2 volumes.
Dji phantom 4 drone, drones in mining, drilling and blasting, peru 4971 m. Technology data sheet mine dewatering groundwater eng. Blasting operations are used as mining technology here so the rock waste dump could be influenced by these vibrations significantly. It is currently an open pit operation located approximately 300km northeast of yellowknife in the northwest territories in canada figure 1. The firing pattern has to be designed so that each blasthole has free breakage. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an open. Different firmware versions may use different partition layouts, but the specific configuration on each phone is handled by the manufacturer. Serious injuries and fatalities result from improper judgement or practice during rock blasting.
Click download or read online button to get blasting principles for open pit mining book now. The latter technique has become the most widely used in metal open pit mines, due to good results and its operational nature in hard rock formation. Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock and blast area security abstract problem. To help you understand what is happening in these blasts, tony brumell has put together this commentary. Prediction of backbreak in openpit blasting operations using. Technology data sheet mine dewatering groundwater is a common problem when mining, and developing a mine below groundwater level. The availability and production capability of surface equipment makes open pit mining a very attractive choice. Technologies for optimizing drilling and blasting in openpit. However, some large open pit operations that blast. Subjects covered are mine planning, mining revenues and costs, orebody description, geometrical considerations, pit limits, production planning, mineral resources and ore reserves, responsible mining, rock blasting, rotary drilling, shovel. Distribute drill designs and gps guidance files to surveyors in either dxf or csv formats. In the open pit mine near jarnoltowek poland, phyllite is excavated, and rock waste is deposited on the dump directly in the mine.
The panda pit is centered on a diamondiferous kimberlite pipe. Blasting pdf files you can use in your safety training programs. Fumes from blasting operations the institute of makers. A case study is presented where a controlled blasting programme presplitting was adopted in an openpit copper mine in order to improve the stability of the resulting cut slopes. Change in production and productivity of us coal mines the higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. The water desensitises a proportion of the fuel, upsetting the oxygen balance and resulting in the production of nitrous oxides. The present study is intended to develop the economic assessment and mine production.
The second volume goes into more depth to provide a better. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. Bench blasting is normally carried out as short delay blasting. Presplit blasting presplit blasting is an effective technique for stabilizing the final wall in open pit metal mines. The sarcheshmeh pit is oval shaped, about 3000m long by 1800m wide. A open pit stripping the overburden is always a problem. The firing sequence of a chevron pattern can radically alter the drilled burden and spacing into the blasted or effective burden be. The composition of explosives is balanced chemically to produce the desired effects in blasting. Blast plans are mandatory to ensure that blasts can be. Double benching has been utilized as an excavation technique in open pit mines for many years.
Normally, prevailing winds or air currents readily dilute and dissipate to the atmosphere any gases generated in open pit blasting or outdoor construction blasting. Copy the files to the relevant folders in jksimblast, replace any existing files. Opdb design of optimum dig lines for open pit grade control. Openpit, opencast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow this form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Divided into two volumes, this accessible work describes the principles involved in hard rock blasting as applied to open pit mines. When an explosive charge is detonated, chemical reaction occur which, very rapidly changes the solid or liquid explosive mass. Mechanism of rock breakage while release of explosives energy upon detonation and other relevant points are discussed below. Things to look for and understand in open pit mine blasting there are many commonalities that exist in most, if not all, big open pit blasts while the hole sizes and depths may vary, the overall pattern of holes is pretty consistent. The availability and production capability of surface equipment makes openpit mining a very attractive choice. Generally, trench blasting near occupied dwellings is done with heavy explosive confinement with a focus on preventing fly rock and minimizing air blast damage. Finally, all unused explosives should be returned to the magazine.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Renard, our flagship developmentstage asset in quebec. National institute for occupational safety and health. In this paper, a new approach to the advancement of science. It presents a practical approach to the design and assessment of blasts, and demonstrates how blasting operations can be engineered not only to solve classic blasting problems, but also to optimise blasting.
By definition, bench blasting is blasting in a vertical or subvertical hole or a row of holes towards a free vertical surface. Datablast is a multiuser system covering the entire open pit drill and blast process from design to infield operations. Optimization of drilling and blasting operations in an. This article references the panda pit, which was the first open pit diamond producer in canada. Vibration response of the waste rock dump in open pit mine. Prl i,j,k is the intersection value of blocks which appears in both procedures. Open pit, open cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow this form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunnelling into the earth, such as long wall mining. Presently, the application of new approaches such as artificial. Glossary of blasting terms glossary of terms used in explosives and blasting. Hopkins engineering division, lawrence berkeley national laboratory, berkeley, california, usa j.
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